2015, vol. 4, no. 1

The full articles of this number can be found in the paperback format

Original Article
Reasons of self-censorship landscape for journalists

Ramadan Çipuri

Abstract
Self-censorship is a phenomenon that in different ways accompanies the professional life of every journalist. According to its effects, self- censorship appears as something “good” and “bad”. It is seen as ‘’good’’ when it influences in restricting the passions of individuals who are against moral and social norms of society, but it is quite different when it turns into a cloned individual who follows him, and warn him that he should not make any ideological mistake. This paper will shed light on the main reasons that lead journalists to self-censorship and those reasons are raised in the form of research questions: How does censorship and self-censorship act among journalists ?; What are the factors that influence and support them?; What are the consequences of self-censorship among journalists and media employees? For this study, there will be analysed different authors, supported by concrete facts occurring in media enterprises. At the end of the study it will be given a concrete approach over the main reasons that lead to self-censorship.

Original Article
Mistakes that students of English Language make in using adverbial clauses of time

Teuta Agaj

Abstract

To know a language does not only mean to know its vocabulary, but how to link the words, the word order in a clause as well as the order of clauses in a sentence, their role and their relations to each other. The relationship of the clauses in a sentence is especially important concerning complex sentences, in which the clauses are not of the same level but show a dependency. So, precisely the adverbial clauses of time are the ones that are highly complicated and create confusion. For this reason, most of the people try to avoid them, and use simple clauses instead, nevertheless, this somehow loses the meaning and originality of the idea. This means that although complex, adverbial clauses of time are crucial in explaining our ideas and thoughts. Based on the great number of the adverbial clauses of time, on the meanings that they convey as well as on the manner how the meaning is expressed, this paper will concentrate on mistakes that students of English Language make when using adverbial clauses of time. It will focus on the structure of the adverbial clauses of time, as well as their use.

Keywords: clause, sentence, adverbial clause of time, main (independent) clause, subordinate (dependent) clause, subordinator.

Original Article
The impact of foreign expressions in Criminal Code and Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Kosovo

Vjosa Jonuzi – Shala

Abstract

Globalisation is defined as economical, political, social and cultural process and the effect of it is has the impact in the whole world or all inclusive. From this definition it derives that this process is multi dimensional that has included the whole of the globe from the physical point of view it has had a comprehensive impact in almost all spheres of life and societies. As such it is considered as un avoidable. With all the positive’s that globalisation brings and have to do with economical development There is a downfall side of it that can be called as negative sides and have negative consequences. As a result of it , the trends of those who oppose it in diametrical manner has grown giving us to types the one who are for it , and the one who oppose it by all means. It is true that globalisation changes relationships, not only political but economical social and cultural as well. In this manner globalisation manifests itself in linguistic and cultural sphere. This is more than obvious in Albanian space and where this impact is clearly visible. In Penal and procedural science in Kosovo this impact is doubled: while in Penal code of Kosovo the impact is more in language and is manifested in particular terms mainly English ones in Procedural code this impact has been in the substance of the procedural penal code itself. Time is a witness that usage of foreign terms in Albanian language most of the time is a necessity and the only salvation is borrowing up the foreign terms .And this mus go on until the proper term in Albanian language is found or created and this will be left to the linguists first of all the one who study the penal sphere to invent and create that must be in Albanian and are meaningful and correspond with the meaning of the foreign word or expression without leaving any doubts in this very delicate field .

Original Article
Legal language: Stylistic analysis of “Convention on Cluster Munitions” 1

Aida Alla

Abstract

English is undoubtedly the most important means of communication between different nations worldwide. It is the lingua franca in most of the international gatherings, be them political, economical, social, artistic, literary etc. Similarly, in this framework, diplomatic and political interaction among nations is rapidly increasing, thus, rising the need for professionalism in translation. International law needs to be translated accurately in order to fit every country’s national political and cultural mentality.
This study analyses the peculiarities of legal translation with a focus on international treaties, namely “Convention on Cluster Munitions – CCM”, which Albania ratified and is a Member State.2 This study focuses on the peculiarities and characteristics of legal-diplomatic language in terms of style, register, tone, sentence structure, syntax, and lexicology, the uniformity of terminology, functional equivalence and in the same time underscoring the difficulties that have been encountered during the translation of CCM.
In order to better understand the above mentioned characteristics, we will make a stylistic analysis taking into account the examples extracted from the official texts in both English (source text, ST) and Albanian (target text, TT). Even though we will confront both texts together – ST and TT – we cannot consider this analysis a contrastive and comparative one. It is not the scope of this study to compare and contrast the linguistic tools to identify the similarities and differences. On the contrary, we will focus on the style and tone of the conventions
1 Cluster Munitions” is translated as “municionet thërrmuese” in the Republic of Albania and “municione kasetore” in the Republic of Kosovo. Unification of legal language is a necessaty. Hoever, this aspect goes beyond the scope of this study. * Aida Alla, PhD Candidate, Kolegji AAB, email: [email protected] 2 The official document of CCM is available at:
http://www.clusterconvention.org/files/2011/01/Convention-ENG.pdf

KeyWords: legal language, style, tone, standardization of terminology, translation problems.

Original Article
The issue of Kosovar identity

Donik Sallova

Abstract

With the re-proclaimed independence of Kosova on 17 February 2008 and with the foundation (establishment) of Kosova’s state among the public opinion began to circulate the idea that “since Kosova became a state, now we can also find the “Kosova nation”, because every state should have his own nationality, different (divers) by other national- states. The aim of this study is to argue that the idea of the Kosova state has not born with the purpose to create the new national identity of Kosova’s people (so the Kosovo nation) because the Albanian national identity of Kosova has been solid, established and determined. Besides the political unit not necessarily imposes the changing the national identity of the people (even if in the occupation circumstances). In fact, the efforts of Kosova people for liberation, independence and state building had the aim to protect guarantee and cultivate their determined and formed Albanian national identity which was being violated by Serbia. The paper will explain the idea that the “Kosova identity” as the “new national identity of Kosova” is more an artificial construction that ignores the historical and political conditions on the road of Albanian of Kosova for independence, than a real natural identity aspiration of Kosova’s people. Moreover, this idea is in contradict with the theoretical principles of modern nation building in general. At the end, will be concluded that Kosova state was projected from elites and the people of Kosova as a second Albanian state, temporarily unable for the union with the (natural Albanian state), Albania, so the “Kosova’s identity” is only an Albanian sub-identity with distinguished characteristics, but this is normal for all the modern national identities. As an actual obstacle of natural compliance of the Albanian identity with the state of Kosova are the “Ahtisaar principles” of the actual Republic (the republic of 17 February); which the political elites of Kosova after 2007 accepted as a compromise for the “recognition” of Kosova independence from the Security Council of UN (even after this compromise the council does not recognize Kosova’s independence)

Keywords: Identity, nation, state, Kosovar, Albanian.

Original Article
Small family business – guarantor of economic and social development

Baki Rexhepi

Abstract

Abstract The global economic integration, as a process, has an increasing impact on the national development policies, and due to being such, it is extremely difficult to control the application of traditional methods and instruments for economic development. It may be difficult to plan certain economic goals at the state level in advance. All enterprises in the world, big or small, domestic and non-domestic, public or non- public, developed and underdeveloped, are facing a series of questions that have to do with their future and prospects, respectively, their existence in surroundings with unforeseen turbulent situations comes into question? What will the market needs be? What are competition aims? Are the customers’ attitudes shaking towards claims that technological progress? What about the development of new product? Is there a possibility of providing the necessary resources, guides towards globalization of business, which need to be used to achieve the efficiency, effectiveness and innovation, etc…. all these questions were addressed every day by the enterprises – regardless of whether they are family owned or not. What it is that makes family enterprises special and separates them from other companies which are not owned or family-controlled, represents the diversity of family interest and the interest of the company’s unique business family system. Owners of family companies across the world share the same philosophy and values, they think in perspective, their capital is made of patience and diligence, care about the communities where they operate and work, so that the company is left at its best condition for inheritance. The business model of family companies is highly innovative and forward-looking, seeking to a better realization, creates more value, and preserves jobs, despite cyclical downturns and recessions. The development of small and medium-sized family enterprise represents the fastest way and cheaper to develop national economies. SME are the backbone of economic development of countries in
* Lorik Abdullahu, Kandidatë në PhD Universiteti i Prishtinës-Fakulteti Ekonomik,

Keywords: small business, family business, local economic development, family, management.

Original Article
Transformation of ownership – privatization in Gjakova municipality Period 1990 – 1999

Albert Baraku

Abstract

Many difficulties accumulated over the years, which socialism as a socio-economic formation produced, precipitated uproars and political and economic shocks in several countries of the Eastern Bloc in the beginning of 80s. Poland was the breaking ground and subsequently, the waves of uproar, through Kosovo, reached the country formerly called Yugoslavia. There was no stopping to this turmoil, and in due time, it encompassed all the countries of Eastern Europe and even farther, generating its first concrete impact on collapsing the socialism as a socio-economic formation in the beginning of 90s. It also engulfed USRR (Russia), as the genesis, the place where socialism sprung. It was obvious that some changes in the eastern bloc countries were needed as the socialist economy deteriorated to the extent that it brought nations to the brink of mere existence, losing all its former glamour. The analysis of that time of the issue at hand point out, inter alia, the issue of undefined ownership, as the property back then was either state owned or socially owned (in former Yugoslavia), and it was not private property like in capitalist countries where the economy was intensively blooming.
Against this background, there was some organizational transformation in the economy of Gjakova municipality at that time, which preceded the proper ownership transformation – the privatization.

Original Article
Etapes de la pensée sociologique

Raymond Aron

Thesis is peer review journal published by AAB College